The website of The General Directorate of Antiquities and Cultural Heritage includes georeferenced information regarding monuments and cultural sites in Greece. There are many GIS applications currently in use for cultural heritage protection all over the country. The use of GIS technology is also studied from a methodological point of view, while GIS has been an important topic in the cultural sector used in summer schools in Greece. Current situation: a) all levels of implementation, from local to national, b) GIS technology included within the national information infrastructure, c) GIS applications publicly available, d) main fields of application: heritage management, archaeology, historic monuments, cultural itineraries.

Prof. Petros Patias provided specific country information, as follows. There are many GIS applications currently in use for cultural heritage protection all over the country. The use of GIS technology is also studied from a methodological point of view. In addition, GIS has been used in the cultural sector in summer schools in Greece, as part of research programs (HERITAG Project Team, 2017) or under the undergraduate courses. More specifically a series of Summer Schools were realized in Archaeological sites, aiming at education of Engineers, Archaeologists and Architects in the use of Laser Scanning/UAV Photogrammetry and Close Range Photogrammetry for the production of 3D models for VR and 3D printing purposes. Finally, there are graduate programs (Alexopoulou, 2014) in which GIS are taught in the cultural sector.

(contributions from Petros Patias and Apostolos Sarris)

References

Adamopoulos, E., Tsilimantou, E., Keramidas, V., Apostolopoulou, M., Karoglou, M., Tapinaki, S., Ioannidis, C., Georgopoulos, A., Moropoulou, A., 2017. Multi-sensor Documentation of Metric and Qualitative Information of Historic stone Structures, ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., IV-2/W2, 1-8, doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-IV-2-W2-1-2017.

Alexopoulou, A., 2014. Protection, Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Monuments, Interdepartmental Program of Post Graduate Studies, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, April 2014, prosynapo.web.auth.gr/files/BRIEF%20PRESENTATION%20PP.pdf

Argyriou, N., Teeuw, R., Soupios, P.M., Sarris, A., 2017. Neotectonic Control on Drainage Systems: GIS-based Geomorphometric and Morphotectonic Assessment for Crete, Greece, Journal of Structural Geology, 104(11), 93-111, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2017.10.002

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Constantinidis, D., 2006. Mapping Ancient Mediterranean Trade Networks, in Ioannides, M., Arnold, D., Niccolucci, F., Mania K. (eds.), The 7th International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, VAST 2006, short papers, 41-43

Donati, J. C., Sarris, A., 2016. Evidence for Two Planned Greek Settlements in the Peloponnese from Satellite Remote Sensing, American Journal of Archaeology 120(3), 361-398, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3764/aja.120.3.0361?seq=1

Donati, J.C., Sarris, A., Papadopoulos, N., Kalayc, T., Simon, F.X., Manataki, M., Moffat, I., Cuenca-García, C., 2017. A Regional Approach to Ancient Urban Studies in Greece Through Multi-Settlement Geophysical Survey, Journal of Field Archaeology, 42(5), 450-467, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00934690.2017.1365565

Günay, S., 2021. Impact of Integration of Digital Technologies in Lost Architectural Heritage Visualization in Post-conflict Societies, Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVI-M-1-2021, 285–291, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVI-M-1-2021-285-2021

HERITAG Project Team, 2017. ‘Photogrammetry for Cultural Heritage Documentation’, summer school training, Vergina, Thessaloniki, Greece, 19-30 June 2017, heritag.webs.upv.es/news/training-4-5-photogrammetry-for-cultural-heritage-documentation/ and heritag.webs.upv.es/public_docs/dissemination/HER%E2%93%98TAG%E2%93%94NEWS_02.pdf 

Kaimaris D., Georgoula O., Karadedos G., Patias P., 2008. Military Trenches or Ancient Fortifications Constructions? AARGNews, 36, 33-41

Kaimaris, D., Georgoula, O., Karadedos, G., Patias, P., 2009. Aerial and Remote Sensing Archaeology in Eastern Macedonia, Greece, Proceedings of the XXII International CIPA Symposium, 11-15 October 2009, Kyoto, Japan, www.cipaheritagedocumentation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Kaimaris-e.a.-Aerial-and-Remote-Sensing-Archaeology-in-Eastern-Macedonia-Greece.pdf

Kaimaris D., Georgoula O., Patias P., 2017a. Google Earth Revisited: Case Studies at the Plain of Larissa (Thessaly, Greece)''. International Journal of Computational Methods in Heritage Science, 1(1), 77-88

Kaimaris D., Patias P., 2014. A Low-cost Image Acquisition System for the Systematic Observation of Traces of Buried Archaeological Structures, GEOMATICA, 68(4), 299-308

Kaimaris D., Patias P., 2016a. Population Estimation in an Urban Area with Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems, International Journal of Advanced Remote Sensing and GIS, 5(6), 1795-1812

Kaimaris D., Patias P., 2016b. Identification and Area Measurement of the Built-up Area with the Built-up Index (BUI). International Journal of Advanced Remote Sensing and GIS, 5(6), 1844-1858

Kaimaris D., Patias P., Sifnaiou M., 2017b. UAV and the Comparison of Image Processing Software, International Journal of Intelligent Unmanned Systems, 5(1), 18-27

Kaimaris, D., Stylianidis, E., Lambrou, A., Panozachos, K., Kandis, N., 2011. Urban Change Detection in City Centers Using Temporal Satellite Imagery, Proceedings of the XXIII International CIPA Symposium, 12-16 September 2011, Prague, Czech Republic, www.cipaheritagedocumentation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Kaimariis-e.a.- Urban-change-detection-in-city-centers-using-temporal-satellite-imagery.pdf

Kaimaris D., Sylaiou S., Georgoula O., Patias P., 2011. GIS of Landmarks Management, Journal of Cultural Heritage, 12(1), 65-73

Kaimaris D., Yordanova R., 2014. Evacuation Plan Utilizing GIS of the Historical City Center of Thessaloniki (Greece) due to an Accident in a Gas Station, 5th International Conference on Cartography & GIS, 15-21 June 2014, Riviera, Bulgaria, 771-780.

Kaskampas, N., Spirou-Sioula, K., Ioannidis, C., 2011. Development of a 3D Information System for the Old City Centre of Athens, Proceedings of the XXIII International CIPA Symposium, 12-16 September 2011, Prague, Czech Republic, www.cipaheritagedocumentation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Kaskampas-e.a.- Development-of-a-3D-information-system-for-the-old-city-centre-of-Athens.pdf

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Papakonstantinou, A., Kavroudakis, D., Kourtzellis, Y., Chtenellis, M., Kopsachilis, V., Topouzelis, K., Vaitis, M., 2019. Mapping Cultural Heritage in Coastal Areas with UAS: The Case Study of Lesvos Island, Heritage, 2(2), 1404-1422, https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage2020089

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Stamnas, A., Georgoula, O., Patias, P., 2021.Development of a Protocol for a GIS Related to the Restoration of Cultural Heritage Buildings and Sites Through Documentation Stage, Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVI-M-1-2021, 705–712, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVI-M-1-2021-705-2021

Sylaiou, S., Basiouka, S., Patias, P., Stylianidis, E., 2013. The Volunteered Geographic Information in Archaeology, ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., II-5/W1, 301-306, doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-II-5-W1-301-2013

Tsilimantou, E., Delegou, E.T., Nikitakos, I.A., Ioannidis, C., Moropoulou, A., 2020. GIS and BIM as Integrated Digital Environments for Modeling and Monitoring of Historic Buildings, Appl. Sci., 10, 1078, https://doi.org/10.3390/app10031078